Ans. An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following:
- The type of error checking to be used,
- Data compression method, if any
- how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message
- how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message
From a user's point of view, the only interesting aspect about protocols is that your computer or device must support the right ones if you want to communicate with other computers. The protocol can be implemented either in hardware or in software.
Layer 1 protocols (Physical Layer)
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
T-carrier (T1, T3, etc.)
E-carrier (E1, E3, etc.)
RS-232, a serial line interface originally developed to connect modems and computer terminals
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SONET Synchronous Optical NETworking
Modem standards/ITU V-Series Protocols used to communicate between analog modems over voice telephone lines.
ITU-T G.hn Physical Layer
Layer 1+2 protocols
Ethernet
GFP ITU-T G.7041 Generic Framing Procedure
OTN ITU-T G.709 Optical Transport Network also called Optical Channel Wrapper or Digital Wrapper Technology
Layer 2 protocols (Data Link Layer)
ARCnet Attached Resource Computer NETwork
CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol
DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
Dynamic Trunking Protocol
Econet
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Frame Relay
ITU-T G.hn Data Link Layer
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
IEEE 802.11 WiFi
IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
LocalTalk
L2F Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
LAPD Link Access Procedures on the D channel
LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
Q.710 Simplified Message Transfer Part
NDP Neighbor Discovery Protocol
RPR IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol (obsolete)
StarLAN
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
Token ring is not a protocol but is a topology
VTP VLAN Trunking Protocol
Layer 2+3 protocols
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Frame relay, a simplified version of X.25 welcome
MPLS Multi-protocol label switching
X.25
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Layer 1+2+3 protocols
MTP Message Transfer Part
NSP Network Service Part
Layer 3 protocols (Network Layer)
CLNP Connectionless Networking Protocol
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
IPSec Internet Protocol Security
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part
AppleTalk DDP
Layer 3 protocols (Network Layer management)
IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
RIP Routing Information Protocol
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol: Implementation of RFC 1256
Gateway Discovery Protocol (GDP) is a Cisco protocol similar to IRDP
Layer 3.5 protocols
HIP Host Identity Protocol
Layer 3+4 protocol suites
AppleTalk
DECnet
IPX/SPX
Internet Protocol Suite
Xerox Network Systems
Layer 5 protocols (Session Layer)
9P Distributed file system protocol developed originally as part of Plan 9
NCP NetWare Core Protocol
NFS Network File System
SMB Server Message Block
SOCKS "SOCKetS"
Other protocols
Controller Area Network (CAN)
Common Industrial Protocol (CIP)
Digital Command Control (DCC)
Financial Information eXchange (FIX)
I²C
modbus
DECnet protocol family from Digital Equipment Corporation (now HP)
Service Location Protocol SLP
Service Advertising Protocol SAP
Layer 7 protocols (Application Layer)
ADC, A peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
AFP, Apple Filing Protocol
BACnet, Building Automation and Control Network protocol
BitTorrent, A peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
CAMEL, an SS7 protocol tool for the home operator
Diameter, an authentication, authorization and accounting protocol
DICOM includes a network protocol definition
DICT, Dictionary protocol
DNS, Domain Name System
DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
ED2K, A peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
FTP, File Transfer Protocol
Finger, which gives user profile information
Gnutella, a peer-to-peer file-swapping protocol
Gopher, a hierarchical hyperlinkable protocol
HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
ISUP, ISDN User Part
XMPP, an instant-messaging protocol
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
MIME, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MSNP, Microsoft Notification Protocol (used by Windows Live Messenger)
MAP, Mobile Application Part
NetBIOS, File Sharing and Name Resolution protocol - the basis of file sharing with Windows.
NNTP, News Network Transfer Protocol
NTP, Network Time Protocol
NTCIP, National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol
POP3 Post Office Protocol Version 3
RADIUS, an authentication, authorization and accounting protocol
Rlogin, a UNIX remote login protocol
rsync, a file transfer protocol for backups, copying and mirroring
RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol
RTSP, Real-time Transport Streaming Protocol
SSH, Secure Shell
SISNAPI, Siebel Internet Session Network API
SIP, Session Initiation Protocol, a signaling protocol
SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol
SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol
STUN, Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
TUP, Telephone User Part
Telnet, a remote terminal access protocol
TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part
TFTP, Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple file transfer protocol
WebDAV, Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning
DSM-CC Digital Storage Media Command and Control
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