What is LINUX, History of LINUX, All about LINUX, HCL of LINUX, LINUX Notes, UNIX
Answer :
Linux is an Operating System, DEFINITION - Linux (often pronounced LIH-nuhks with a short "i") is a Unix-like Operating System that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's KERNEL (the central part of the operating system) was developed by "Linus Torvalds" at the University of Helsinki in Finland.
HCL OF LINUX :
Fedora Linux (HCL) hardware compatibility listIf you are not able to obtained Fedora Core HCL then it is available online via Red Hat site. Whatever HCL supported by Redhat Linux (RHEL) is also suppored by Fedora core linux. Here are direct links to Red Hat Hardware compatibility List as well as other site that will help you to make your final decsion:
- Graphics adaptors - http://wiki.x.org/wiki/FAQ
- Audio adaptors - http://www.alsa-project.org/
- Printers - http://www.linuxprinting.org/
- Digital cameras - http://www.gphoto.org/
- Scanners and imaging devices - http://www.sane-project.org/
- Modems -http://linmodems.org/
Also, do not forget to check out Fedora Community Project Wiki it has some good information
TIME LINE OF LINUX :
1983
September Richard M. Stallman announces the GNU Project, an attempt at creating a completely free operating system.
1984
January - Work begins on the GNU operating system
1985
October - Free Software Foundation established as a non-profit organization to promote the development of Free Software. Sponsors the GNU Project.
1987
December - Larry Wall releases version 1.0 of Perl
January - Computer science professor Andrew Tannenbaum publishes the textbook Operating Systems: Design and Implementation which includes a copy of a teaching version of Unix called Minix.
1989
February - Version 1 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) is released.
1991
December - Robert Blum posts the first Linux FAQ
September - Version 0.01 of Torvald's project is made available via ftp.funet.fi. Ari Lemmke, the systems administrator, gives the directory the name Linux.
August - Linus Torvalds announces that he's working on an operating system similar to Minix.
June - Version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) is released.
October - Richard Stallman expresses interest in having the Free Software Foundation distribute a GNU system with the Linux kernel.
1992
November - Software und System Entwicklung GmbH (SuSE) founded in Nuremberg, Germany. Distributes a German version of SLS with corresponding manuals.
September - A Linux distribution called Softlanding Linux System (SLS) is released. Early users include Patrick Volkerding and Ian Murdock.
March - Version 0.95 of the Linux kernel released. First version to be able to support X-Window.
February What could be described as the first Linux "distribution", called MCC Interim Linux is released by the University of Manchester, England.
January - alt.os.linux newsgroup created. Minix creator Andrew Tannenbaum claims "Linux is obsolete" in a posting to comp.os.minix and starts a public discussion on the merits of Linux in which Linus Torvalds participates.
1993
August - Ian Murdock creates the Debian distribution.
August - Version 1.0 of Slackware released by Patrick Volkerding. It is based on the SLS distribution. March Matt Welsh issues the Linux Documentation Project Manifesto. He states that the goal of the LDP is to "collaborate in taking care of all of the issues of Linux documentation".
1994
October - Marc Ewing releases the first version of Red Hat Linux. Linux distributor Caldera founded by Ray Noorda of Novell and Ransom Love.
September William R. Della Croce, Jr. of Boston, Massachusetts registers the Linux trademark. He begins, shortly thereafter, to ask for compensation for the use of the word Linux.
June - Jon 'maddog' Hall founds Linux International - Rasmus Lerdorf releases the first version of the PHP scripting language.
May - Michael McLagan registers the linux.org domain.
April - Version 1.0 of SuSE Linux released. It is based on SLS.
March - Linux kernel version 1.0 released. - First issue of Linux Journal published.
1995
March - Bob Young partners with Marc Ewing and forms Red Hat Software. Apache Web Server project started as a series of patches to the NCSA HTTPd server (a patchy server).
1996
October - Kool Desktop Environment (KDE) project announced.
September - Linus Torvalds along with Linux Journal, Yggdrasil Computing, Inc., Linux International Work Group Solutions and with the help of Digital Equipment Corporation and Red Hat, file suit against William R. Della Croce, Jr. to re-assign the Linux trademark to Linus Torvalds. The firm of Davis & Schroeder handles the case on an almost pro-bono basis.
May - Linus Torvalds suggests that a "slightly overweight penguin" would be the best mascot for Linux. He recommends Larry Ewing's "Tux" penguin images.
March - Linux kernel version 2.0 released.
1997
August - The Linux trademark dispute between William Della Croce and Linus Torvalds is settled, with Della Croce re-assigning the trademark to Torvalds.
May Eric S. Raymond gives a paper entitled The Cathedral and the Bazaar at Linux Kongress. It outlines the principles of what would become known as the "open source" method.
February - Linus Torvalds moves to California and begins working for Transmeta, a microprocessor manufacturer.
1998
December - Corel releases Word Perfect 8 for Linux as a free download.
November - Eric S. Raymond releases internal Microsoft memos, known as the "Halloween Documents", that show that the company is formulating plans to deal with the increasing use of Linux.
August - Forbes magazine devotes its cover story to Linus Torvalds.
July - Version 1.0 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE) released. Gael Duval creates Mandrake Linux.
July - Sam Ockman founds Penguin Computing. It is the first hardware company to produce Linux-only systems.
May - Google search engine appears using servers running Linux.
February - Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond found the Open Source Initiative, an organization to promote the use of open source software and establish guidelines for open source licenses.
1999
November - Matthew Szulik replaces Bob Young as CEO of Red Hat. - Corel releases Linux distribution.
October - VA Linux systems stock reaches $320 US after starting its initial public offering (IPO) at $30. Ending the day at $239.25, it is the largest first-day gain in history to date.
August - Red Hat has its initial public offering (IPO) and becomes a publicly traded company.
May - Dell pre-installs Red Hat Linux on some servers and workstations.
March - GNOME 1.0 desktop released.
March - The Burlington Coat Factory announces that it is using Linux in its stores.
January - Linux kernel version 2.2 released.
2000
October - IBM CEO Louis Gerstner announces that the company will invest $1 billion in Linux development.
October - Microsoft buys a large stake in Corel.
September - Trolltech releases the QT libraries, used by KDE, under the GPL.
August - Caldera Systems acquires the Santa Cruz Operation's (SCO) Unix server division.
May - Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer calls Linux "a cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches." in an interview with the Chicago Sun-Times.
March - A Netcraft survey reveals that Apache webserver powers 60% of the World Wide Web. Linux distributor Caldera Systems Inc has its initial public offering (IPO).
2001
November - Microsoft files a trademark infringement suit against Lindows, claiming the similarity to the name Windows "confuses the public".
November - 18 year-old Brazilian developer Marcelo Tosatti becomes the maintainer of the 2.4 kernel
October - Amazon.com reveals in a SEC filing that switching to Linux has saved them over $20 million.
August - MP3.com founder Michael Robertson starts development on Lindows, a Debian-based distribution which promises to be a Linux distribution that can be used by anybody.
May - Linus Torvalds publishes his autobiography entitled Just for Fun with the help of journalist David Diamond.
January - Linux kernel version 2.4 released. - Corel announces that it is selling its Linux unit.
2002
August - Caldera announces that they are changing their name to The SCO Group and are going to concentrate on Unix development - Free office suite OpenOffice.org 1.0 is released.
Shares of VA Linux stock reach an history low $0.64 US. Having been the highest climber in IPO history, VA Linux becomes the poster child for the dot-com bust.
July - Walmart begins selling Microtel PCs through their online store with Lindows and Mandrake Linux pre-installed
Version 1.0 of the free sound codec Ogg Vorbis is released.
June - Ransom Love is ousted as CEO of Caldera and is replaced by Darl McBride.
May - Linux distributors Caldera, SuSE, Turbolinux and Conectiva sign an agreement to form UnitedLinux and jointly develop a Linux distribution for servers.
February - Linus Torvalds begins using BitMover's BitKeeper to manage kernel development. Bitkeeper is proprietary software and many, including Richard Stallman, criticize the decision.
January - Credit Suisse First Boston fined $100 million for fraud in connection with the VA Linux IPO.
2003
December - Linux kernel version 2.6 is released.
November - Novell acquires German Linux distributor SuSE.
August - Novell buys Linux desktop software company Ximian.
July - Red Hat announces that they will no longer sell boxed sets of their Linux distribution for retail customers. Instead, they will distribute Linux to end users via a development distribution called Fedora Core.
June - La Junta de Extremadura (Spain) announces that 80,000 computers in their schools are running a distribution called GNU/LinEx. - Linus Torvalds announces that he's leaving Transmeta to work full time on the kernel for the Open Source Development Labs. The Torvalds family moves to Oregon.
May - The city of Munich, Germany announces that it's switching 14,000 PCs from Windows to Linux.
January - Maureen O'Gara of LinuxGram posts a story that SCO is planning on suing Linux vendors for using proprietary Unix intellectual property. The SCO Controversy begins.(see separate SCO timeline)
2004
October - During the Superbowl, IBM runs a commercial promoting Linux featuring Muhammed Ali and other celebrities
October - First version of Ubuntu Linux released.
July - Microsoft settles its trademark dispute with Lindows. Lindows changes its name to Linspire and assigns Microsoft the rights to the Lindows name. Microsoft pays $20 million and grants Linspire licenses to use certain Windows media libraries.
2005
December - In strongly worded emails to the GNOME mailing list, Linus Torvalds reveals that he prefers KDE to GNOME, starting a small controversy. "Gnome seems to be developed by interface nazis...", claims Torvalds.
April - Larry McVoy, creator of BitKeeper, discontinues support for the free BitKeeper client after complaining about attempts to reverse engineer it. Linus Torvalds announces that he will no longer use BitKeeper for kernel development. Torvalds starts work on a replacement he calls Git.
2006
November - Novell and Microsoft sign a controversial agreement in which Novell agrees to work on SUSE Linux/Windows interoperability while Microsoft pledges not to sue Novell's customers for possible patent infringement. The agreement is poorly received by the Linux-user community. It also prompts a re-write of the upcoming version 3 of the GNU General Public License in order to insert clauses to prohibit distribution of GPL software under such patent agreements.
May - Nicolas Negroponte displays the first working prototype of a $100 laptop computer running Linux and designed for children in the third world. Bill Gates ridicules the project.
April - Oracle CEO Larry Ellison announces that the company may develop their own Linux distribution. "...it makes a lot of sense for us to look at distributing and supporting Linux.", states Ellison.
January - Linus Torvalds reveals that he doesn't like the anti-DRM provisions in the draft for version 3 of the GNU General Public License and as it stands, he won't convert the Linux kernel to it.
2007
June - Linux distributors Xandros and Linspire sign patent agreements with Microsoft similar to the pact previously signed between Novell and Microsoft. Ubuntu Linux maintainer Mark Shuttleworth and Mandriva CEO François Bancilhon publicly rule out making such agreements. It is also revealed that Red Hat had been negotiating a pact with Microsoft though finally no agreement was reached.
May - Dell announces that it will pre-load Ubuntu Linux on selected desktop and laptop models of their computers.
Microsoft general counsel Brad Smith states in a Fortune magazine interview that his company believes that Linux and related projects infringe on over 230 Microsoft patents. There are fears that a patent war between Microsoft and the Free Software/Open Source developers. might break out.
====================================
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
====================================
Programming on Linux
Most Linux distributions support dozens of programming languages. The most common collection of utilities for building both Linux applications and operating system programs is found within the GNU toolchain, which includes the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and the GNU build system. Amongst others, GCC provides compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, and Fortran. Proprietary compilers for Linux include the Intel C++ Compiler, Sun Studio, and IBM XL C/C++ Compiler. BASIC is supported in such forms as Gambas, FreeBASIC, and XBasic.
Most distributions also include support for PHP, Perl, Ruby, Python and other dynamic languages. While not as common, Linux also supports C# (via Mono), Vala, and Scheme. A number of Java Virtual Machines and development kits run on Linux, including the original Sun Microsystems JVM (HotSpot), and IBM's J2SE RE, as well as many open-source projects like Kaffe.
The two main frameworks for developing graphical applications are those of GNOME and KDE. These projects are based on the GTK+ and Qt widget toolkits, respectively, which can also be used independently of the larger framework. Both support a wide variety of languages. There are a number of Integrated development environments available including Anjuta, Code::Blocks, Eclipse, KDevelop, Lazarus, MonoDevelop, NetBeans, Qt Creator and Omnis Studio while the long-established editors Vim and Emacs remain popular.
No comments:
Post a Comment